Korean Translation Samples

Oncology

평활근 육종(LMS)은 점막근층 또는 고유근층에서 발생하는 소장의 희귀한 종양이다. 소장에서 LMS가 발생하는 가장 흔한 부위는 공장이고 회장과 십이지장이 그 뒤를 잇는다. 일반적인 징후로는 복부 질량, 복부 통증, 현성 위장관 출혈 등이 있다. LMS는 남성에게 조금 더 많이 나타나며 주로 60대에 발생한다. 특히 양성종양과 악성종양을 구별하는 점에서 소장종양의 수술전 진단은 어렵다. 최근의 문헌 검토 결과, 컴퓨터 단층 촬영(CT)과 자기 공명(MR) 장운동기록법, 고위관장법이 소장의 LMS를 평가하는 좋은 방법임이 밝혀졌다. CT 및 MRI에서 모두 놓칠 수 있는 표재성 병변은 워터 캡슐 내시경 검사로 탐지할 수 있으며, 검출률은 약 80%이다. 조직학적으로 LMS는 위장관기질종양과 유사하지만 면역조직화학적 검사 상 CD117과 CD34에는 음성이고 평활근 액틴(actin)과 데스민(desmin)에는 양성이다. LMS의 크기가 5cm 이상일 때는 보통 간(65%), 기타 위장기관(15%) 및 폐(4%)로 혈행성 전이된다. 또한 림프계(13%)나 복막의 경로를 통해 전이될 수 있다. 소장의 LMS를 효과적으로 치료하는 유일한 방법은 수술이다. 원발성 종양은 장간막을 광범위하게 절제하면서 근치적으로 제거되어야 한다. 화학요법에 대한 LMS의 반응은 알려져 있지 않으며, 방사선요법은 치료에 영향을 미치지 않는다. 따라서 가능하면 전이 절제술을 고려해야 한다. 도세탁셀(docetaxel)과 젬시타빈(gemcitabine)의 병용과 관련한 대규모 2상 및 3상 실험에서 LMS(대부분 자궁에서 기원한)에 대한 인상적인 반응률이 보고되었다. 그러나 일부 연구에서는 이 복합요법의 효능을 확인할 수 없었다. 최근 트라벡테딘(trabectedin)이 LMS에 대해 최대 56%의 반응률을 보였으며, 안트라사이클린(anthracycline)과 이포스파미드(ifosfamide)의 병용요법이 실패한 후, 중증 진행 전이성 LMS에 대해 특히 유용한 것으로 나타났다.

Leiomyosarcoma are rare tumors of small intestine which arise from the muscularis mucosa or muscularis propria. The most common site of LMS in the small intestine is jejunum followed by ileum and then duodenum. The common presentations include abdominal mass, abdominal pain or overt gastrointestinal bleeding. They are mainly seen in 6th decade of life with slight male preponderance. Preoperative diagnosis of small intestinal tumors is difficult, especially differentiating between benign and malignant tumors. For LMS in small intestine, recent review of literature revealed that CT and MRI-enterography and enteroclysis are good options.Cases of superficial lesion which can be missed by both CT and MRI, can however be detected by water capsule endoscopy with a detection rate of around 80%. Histologically LMS resembles like GIST, however they are CD117 and CD34 negative by immunohistochemistry and positive for smooth muscle antigen (SMA) and desmin. When these tumors are more than 5 cm they commonly spread hematogenously to liver (65%), other GI organs (15%), lung(4%). It also has the capability to spread via lymphatics (13%) or via peritoneal route (18%). The only effective treatment for small intestine LMS is surgery. The primary tumor should be excised radically, including a wide resection of the mesentry. Response to chemotherapy is doubtful, and there is no role for radiotherapy. Therefore, metastasectomy, if possible, should be considered. Large phase II and III studies combining docetaxel and gemcitabine yielded impressive response rates in LMSs (mostly of uterine origin). However, others were not able to confirm the efficacy of this combination. Recently, trabectedin showed response rates up to 56% in LMSs, and it appeared to be especially useful in far-advanced and metastatic LMSs after failure of the combination of anthracyclines and ifosfamide.

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS)1 areis a  rare tumors of small intestine which arise from the muscularis mucosa or muscularis propria. The most common site of LMS in the small intestine is the jejunum, followed by the ileum and then duodenum. The common presentations include abdominal mass, abdominal pain, and2 or overt gastrointestinal bleeding. They are mainly seenobserved3 in 6th decade of life with slight male preponderance. The Ppreoperative diagnosis of small intestinal tumors is difficult, especially in terms of differentiating between benign and malignant tumors. For LMS in the small intestine, a recent review of literature revealed that computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)I- enterography and enteroclysis are good detection4 options. Cases of superficial lesions, which can be missed by both CT and MRI imaging, can however be detected by water capsule endoscopy, with a detection rate of aroundapproximately  80%. Histologically, LMS resembles likegastrointestinal stromal tumorGIST,; however they areit is negative for5  CD117 and CD34 negative by immunohistochemistry and positive for smooth muscle antigenactin6 (SMA) and desmin on immunohistochemistry. When these tumors are more than 5 cm, they commonly spread hematogenously to liver (65%), other gastrointestinalGI organs (15%), and the lungs (4%). It They also has have the capability to spread via the lymphatics system (13%) or via peritoneal route (18%). The only effective treatment for LMS in the small intestine LMS 7is surgery. The primary tumor should be excised radically, including a wide resection of the mesentry. Response to chemotherapy is doubtfulunknown, and there is no role for8of radiotherapy.  Therefore, metastasectomy, if possible, should be considered.  Large phase II and III studies combining docetaxel and gemcitabine yielded impressive response rates forin LMSs (mostly of uterine origin). However, others were not able to confirm the efficacy of this combination. Recently, trabectedin showed response rates up to 56% forin LMSs, and it appeared to be especially useful in far-advanced and metastatic LMSs after failure of the combination of anthracyclines and ifosfamide.

  1. [전문분야] 첫 번째로 사용된 약어이며, 본문에서 추가로 사용됩니다.
  2. [오역] 오역이 발견되었습니다. 여기서, "or"의 사용은 원문이 뜻하는 의미를 바꿉니다.
  3. [단어 선택] 문맥에 맞는 더 정확한 단어를 사용합니다.
  4. [번역 누락] 단어 수준의 번역 누락이 발견되었습니다.
  5. [언어] 쉽게 읽히도록 문장 구조를 검토했습니다.
  6. [용어 선택] 올바른 용어를 사용했습니다.
  7. [명확성] 본문의 명확성을 위해 수정했습니다.
  8. [오역] 전치사의 잘못된 사용은 문장의 의미를 바꿉니다.

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS)1 areis a  rare tumors of small intestineintestinal tumor, which arises from the muscularis mucosa or muscularis propria. The most common site of occurrence of 2LMS in the small intestine is the jejunum, followed by the ileum and then duodenum. TheIts common presentations manifestations3 include abdominal mass, abdominal pain, and4 or overt gastrointestinal bleeding. They are mainly seenobserved5 in the 6th decade of life with slight male preponderance. In general, the The Ppreoperative diagnosis of small intestinal tumors such as LMSs is difficult, especially in terms of differentiating between benign and malignant tumors. For LMS in the small intestine, 6According to a recent review of literature revealed that review computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)I- enterography and enteroclysis are good 7detection options. Cases of superficial modalities for the assessment of LMS.  Superficial lesions, which can be missed by both CT and MRI imaging, can however be detected by water capsule endoscopy, with a detection rate of aroundapproximately  80%. Histologically, LMS resembles like8gastrointestinal stromal tumorGIST,; however, on immunohistochemical analysis, they areit is has been found to be negative for9  CD117 and CD34 negative by immunohistochemistry and positive for smooth muscle antigenactin (SMA)10 and desmin on immunohistochemistry. When these tumors arethe size of LMS is 11more than 5 cm, they commonly spread it can hematogenously spread to the liver (65%), other gastrointestinalGI organs (15%), and the lungs (4%). It TheyIt can also has have the capability to spread via the lymphatics system (13%) or via peritoneal route (18%). The response of LMS to chemotherapy is unknown, and radiotherapy does not play a role in the treatment. Therefore, surgery is the only effective treatment for LMS in the small intestine. LMS 12is surgery. The primary tumor should be excised radically, including a with wide resection of the mesentry. Response to chemotherapy is doubtfulunknown, and there is no role forof13 radiotherapy.  Therefore, metastasectomy, iIf possible, metastasectomy should be considered.  Large phase II and III studies combiningtrials involving the combination of docetaxel and gemcitabine yieldedhave reported impressive response rates forin LMSs (mostly of uterine origin). However, others weresome studies have14 not been able to confirm the efficacy of this combination. Recently, trabectedinTrabectedin has recently showed response rates of up to 56% forin LMSs, and it appeared to be especiallyparticularly useful inagainst far-advanced and metastatic LMSs after failure of the combination of anthracyclines and ifosfamide, combination therapy.

  1. 전문분야] 첫 번째로 사용된 약어이며, 본문에서 추가로 사용됩니다.
  2. [단어 선택] 문맥에 부합하는 더 정확한 단어를 사용합니다.
  3. [어구 선택] 더 정확한 단어를 사용했습니다.
  4. [오역] 오역이 발견되었습니다. 여기서, "or"의 사용은 원문이 뜻하는 의미를 바꿉니다.
  5. [단어 선택] 문맥에 맞는 더 정확한 단어를 사용합니다.
  6. [명확성 및 가독성] 쉽게 읽고 이해할 수 있도록, 올바른 전문용어를 사용했고 본문을 수정했습니다.
  7. [번역 누락] 단어 수준의 번역 누락이 발견되었습니다.
  8. [명확성 및 가독성] 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 본문을 재구성했습니다.
  9. [언어] 쉽게 읽히도록 문장 구조를 검토했습니다.
  10. [용어 선택] 올바른 용어를 사용했습니다.
  11. [언어] 정확한 단어를 선택하고 다양한 단어를 사용합니다.
  12. [명확성] 본문의 명확성을 위해 수정했습니다.

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare small intestinal tumor, which arises from the muscularis mucosa or muscularis propria . The most common site of occurrence of LMS in the small intestine is the jejunum, followed by the ileum and duodenum. Its common manifestations include abdominal mass, abdominal pain, and overt gastrointestinal bleeding.. They are mainly observed in the 6th decade of life, with slight male preponderance. In general, the preoperative diagnosis of small intestinal tumors such as LMSs is difficult, especially in terms of differentiating between benign and malignant tumors. According to a recent literature review computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) enterography and enteroclysis are good modalities for the assessment of LMS. Superficial lesions, which can be missed by both CT and MR imaging, can be detected by water capsule endoscopy, with a detection rate of approximately 80%. Histologically, LMS resembles gastrointestinal stromal tumor; however, on immunohistochemical analysis, it has been found to be negative for CD117 and CD34 and positive for smooth muscle actin and desmin. When the size of LMS is more than 5 cm, it can hematogenously spread to the liver (65%), other gastrointestinal organs (15%), and the lungs (4%). It can also spread via the lymphatic system (13%) or peritoneal route (18%). The response of LMS to chemotherapy is unknown, and radiotherapy does not play a role in the treatment. Therefore, surgery is the only effective treatment for LMS in the small intestine. The primary tumor should be excised radically with wide resection of the mesentery. If possible, metastasectomy should be considered. Large phase II and III trials involving the combination of docetaxel and gemcitabine have reported impressive response rates for LMSs (mostly of uterine origin). However, some studies have not been able to confirm the efficacy of this combination. Trabectedin has recently showed response rates of up to 56% for LMSs, and it appeared to be particularly useful against far-advanced and metastatic LMSs after failure of anthracyclines and ifosfamide combination therapy.

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