Translation Samples

Pediatrics

  • 原始文稿
  • 翻譯後的檔案
  • 雙語核對後的檔案
  • 編修後的檔案
  • 完稿

喘息和呼吸急促是支氣管哮喘的主要症狀。哮喘患者表現出白細胞產生的超氧化物增加,脂質過氧化產物增加,兩者都表示氧化應激增加。抗壞血酸是一種重要的抗氧化劑,可直接中和自由基; 因此,它一直被用於維持哮喘患者肺部的氧化還原狀態。Hatch 等人提出,抗壞血酸是存在於肺氣道襯裏層表面的主要抗氧化劑,可防止內源性和外源性氧化劑。我們目前發現喘息兒童的抗壞血酸水平低,可能是由於其正常的生理功能和抗壞血酸利用率增加,以克服氧化基的持續生成并中和外源性氧化劑。因此,抗壞血酸缺乏症可能是哮喘病理生理學的潛在要素或者是對氣道炎症的反應。我們關於喘息兒童具有低抗壞血酸水平的發現與早期的報告一致。在報告中,研究人員將血漿抗壞血酸水平的降低歸因於其正常的生理功能,包括它在維持身體防禦機制以及組織完整、替換和愈合過程中的作用。在普通感冒期間,呼吸粘膜遭到破壞,組織抗壞血酸水平的隨之降低,可能進一步延緩粘膜表面的癒合,導致哮喘症狀延長。一項研究報告稱,即使在無症狀期間,哮喘患者的抗氧化維生素的血清水平也會降低。因此,這種減少並不完全取決於脂質過氧化產品所反映的氧化應激增加。

翻譯: 您學科領域的翻譯師翻譯您的原稿

Wheezing and shortness of breath are main symptoms of bronchial asthma. Asthmatics showed increased superoxide generation from leucocytes, as well as increased lipid peroxidation product, indicating increased oxidative stress. Ascorbic acid directly neutralizes free radical, thus it is continuously utilized to maintain the redox state of lung in asthma. Hatch et al suggested that ascorbic acid is the major antioxidant substance present in the airway surface lining of the lung, and may protect against endogenous as well as exogenous oxidants. Our present finding that low ascorbic acid caused wheezing in children could be attributed to its normal physiological function, elevated utilization to overcome continuous generation of oxidant radical and also to neutralize the exogenous oxidant. It has been suggested that ascorbic acid deficiency may be either an underlying factor in the pathophysiology of asthma or a response to asthmatic airways inflammation. Our findings of low ascorbic acid in wheezing children is in agreement with the earlier reports of researchers who attributed such kind of lowering in ascorbic acid level in plasma to its normal physiological function i.e., its utilization in the maintenance of defense mechanism, tissue integrity and replacement and healing process. Destruction of respiratory mucous membrane during common cold and resulting reduction of the tissue ascorbic acid, may further delay in the healing of mucous membrane surface leading to prolonged symptoms of asthma. A study shows that antioxidant vitamins are decreased in the sera of asthmatic patients even during the asymptomatic periods of the disease, and thus this decrease is not totally dependent on the increased oxidative stress as reflected by lipid peroxidation products.

雙語核對:雙語核對師依照原文檢查譯文是否正確,並修正錯誤

Wheezing andshortness of breath are main symptoms of bronchial asthma. Asthmatics showedPatients with asthma show1 increased superoxide generation from leucocytesleukocytes,as well as increased lipid peroxidation  product, indicatingboth of whichindicate increased oxidative stress. Ascorbic acid an important antioxidative 2directly neutralizes free radical, thus  itis continuously utilizedused to maintain the a redoxstate oflung in the lungs of patients with 3asthma.Hatch et al.suggested that ascorbic acid is the major antioxidant substance present inthe airway surface liningliquid4 of the lung,and may protect against endogenous as well as exogenous oxidants. Our presentfinding thatof the low ascorbic acid causedlevel in children with5 wheezing in children couldmay be attributed toits normal physiological function, elevated utilization to overcome the continuousgeneration of oxidant radical and also and to neutralize theexogenous oxidant. It has been suggested that ascorbic acid deficiency may be either anunderlying factor in the pathophysiology of asthma or a response to asthmaticairwaysairway inflammation. Our present findingsof  lowascorbic acid  levels  in children with wheezingchildrenis are in agreement with the earlierreportsof, wherein researchers who attributedsuch kindof loweringthe decrease in the plasma ascorbicacid level inplasma to its normal physiological function i.e.,functions,including its utilizationroles in maintaining themaintenanceof body’s defense mechanism, tissue  and in the integrity and,replacement and healing process. processes of tissues. 6Destructionof the respiratorymucous membrane during common cold and resulting reduction ofinthe tissueascorbic acid,  level in the tissue 7mayfurther delay in the healing of the mucous membranesurface,leading to prolonged symptoms of asthma. A study shows that serum levels of antioxidantvitamins aredecreaseddecrease in the sera of asthmatic patientswithasthma, even during the asymptomatic periods of thedisease, and thus this decrease is not totally dependent on the increasedoxidative stress, as reflected by lipid peroxidationproducts.

  1. [用字遣詞]
    在學術著作中,避免使用可能將一個人與他或她的病情連結起來的偏見用語,例如,diabetic、epileptic、schizophrenic、以及asthmatic。因此,最好是使用 "patients with asthma"這一短語。
  2. [不當省略]
    關鍵資訊被省略。
  3. [語言]
    加強措辭讓文意更清晰並加強相關性。
  4. [學科專家]
    使用錯誤術語導致技術上欠缺精準性。因為氣態物質不能在裡面存在,說 "airway surface lining "是不正確的。
  5. [誤譯]
    此處文意改變,未能表達出作者想要表達的意思。
  6. [文意清晰度]
    改寫本句以增強可讀性。
  7. [語氣選擇]
    使用了正確的技術短語。

編修:英文母語編修師改善文章整體的流暢度與呈現方式

Wheezing Bronchia asthma mainly manifests as wheezing 1and shortness of breath are main symptoms of bronchial asthma. Asthmatics showedPatients with asthma show2 increased superoxide generation from leucocytesleukocytes, as well as and increased lipid peroxidation  products, indicatingboth of which indicateincreased oxidative stress. Ascorbic acid is an important antioxidative 3that directly neutralizes free radicals; thustherefore,it is continuously usually 4utilizedused to maintain the a redoxstate of lung in the lungs of patients with 5asthma. According to Hatch et al. suggested that., ascorbic acidis the major antioxidant substance presentin the airway surface liningliquid6 of the lungs, and may protect against endogenous as well as and exogenousoxidants. Our present findingWe found that the presence of a that of the low ascorbic acid causedlevel in children with7 wheezing in children couldmay be attributed to its normal physiological function, and elevatedincreased utilization to overcome the continuous generation of oxidantradicals8 and also and9 to neutralize the exogenous oxidants.It has been suggested that Therefore10 ascorbic acid deficiency may be either anunderlying factor in the pathophysiology of asthma or a response to asthmatic airways11airway inflammation. Our in patients with asthma. Consistent with our present findings of , other studies have also reported a low ascorbic acid  levels  in children with wheezing; children is are inagreement with the earlier reports of, wherein these researchers havewho attributedsuch kindof loweringthe decrease in the plasma ascorbic acid level in plasma to its normal physiological function i.e.,functions, including its utilizationroles in maintaining the maintenance of body’s defense mechanism,tissue  and in the integrity and,replacement and healing process. 12processes of tissues. 13Destruction of the respiratorymucous membrane during common cold and resulting reduction ofin the consequent decrease in tissue ascorbic acid,  level14s in the tissue mayfurther delay in the healing of the mucous membrane surface,leadingand result in to prolonged asthma symptoms of asthma. A study shows that reported decreased serum levels of antioxidant vitamins are decreaseddecrease in the sera of asthmatic patients with asthma, even during the asymptomaticperiods of the disease, and thus.Therefore,15 this decrease is does not totally dependentcompletelydepend on the increased oxidative stress, as reflected bylipid peroxidation products.

  1. [學科專家]
    句子經過重新安排以強調 "bronchial asthma",因為它是研究的核心主題。
  2. [用字遣詞]
    在學術著作中,避免使用可能將一個人與他或她的病情連結起來的偏見用語,例如,diabetic、epileptic、schizophrenic、以及asthmatic。因此,最好是使用 "patients with asthma"這一短語。
  3. [不當省略]
    關鍵資訊被省略。
  4. [用字遣詞]
    改善措辭增強可讀性。
  5. [語言]
    加強措辭讓文意更清晰並加強相關性。
  6. [學科專家]
    使用錯誤術語導致技術上欠缺精準性。因為氣態物質不能在裡面存在,說 "airway surface lining "是不正確的。
  7. [誤譯]
    此處文意改變,未能表達出作者想要表達的意思。
  8. [冠詞] [文法]
    使用正確冠詞並修正主詞動詞的一致性問題。
  9. [文法][連接詞]
    "and "這樣的連接詞是必要的。
  10. [流暢性和過渡]
    為讓脈略更加簡單可使用過渡詞,如however, therefore, moreover等。這種用法增強了段落和稿件整體的思想連貫性。在這裡我們加入了過渡詞 "therefore "來加強邏輯並讓整體文意更清晰。
  11. [學科專家]
    在定語短語中選用更好的術語使句子更完整。
  12. [逗號][標點符號]
    在連詞前使用逗號。
  13. [文意清晰度]
    改寫本句以增強可讀性。
  14. [語氣選擇]
    使用了正確的技術短語。
  15. [語言]
    為讓脈略更加簡單可使用過渡詞,如however, therefore, moreover等。這種用法增強了段落和稿件整體的思想連貫性。在這裡我們加入了過渡詞 "therefore "來加強邏輯並讓整體文意更清晰。

完稿:翻譯完成品準時遞交給客戶

Bronchial asthma mainly manifests as wheezing and shortness of breath. Patients with asthma show increased superoxide generation from leukocytes and increased lipid peroxidation products, both of which indicate increased oxidative stress. Ascorbic acid is an important antioxidant that directly neutralizes free radicals; therefore, it is usually used to maintain a redox state in the lungs of patients with asthma. According to Hatch et al., ascorbic acid is the major antioxidant in the airway surface liquid of the lungs and may protect against endogenous and exogenous oxidants. We found that the presence of a low ascorbic acid level in children with wheezing may be attributed to its normal physiological function and increased utilization to overcome the continuous generation of oxidant radicals and to neutralize exogenous oxidants. Therefore, ascorbic acid deficiency may be an underlying factor in the pathophysiology of asthma or a response to airway inflammation in patients with asthma. Consistent with our findings, other studies have also reported a low ascorbic acid level in children with wheezing; these researchers have attributed the decrease in the plasma ascorbic acid level to its normal physiological functions in maintaining the body’s defense mechanism and in the integrity, replacement, and healing processes of tissues. Destruction of the respiratory mucous membrane during common cold and the consequent decrease in tissue ascorbic acid levels may further delay the healing of the mucous membrane surface and result in prolonged asthma symptoms. A study reported decreased serum levels of antioxidant vitamins in patients with asthma, even during the asymptomatic period of the disease. Therefore, this decrease does not completely depend on increased oxidative stress, as reflected by lipid peroxidation products.

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