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Medical Imaging

Osteomiyelit, klinisyenler için sıklıkla tanısal zorluk oluşturan, giderek yaygınlaşan bir hastalıktır. Yaşam veya uzuv kaybına neden olabilecek komplikasyonları önlemek için doğru ve zamanında tanı çok önemlidir. Hikâye, fiziksel muayene ve laboratuvar çalışmalarının yanı sıra, tanısal görüntüleme de tanı sürecinde çok önemlidir. Bu anlatı inceleme makalesinde, osteomiyelit tanısı koymak için kullanılan çeşitli görüntüleme yöntemleri, yani düz radyografi, bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT), manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG), ultrasonografi, kemik sintigrafisi ve pozitron emisyon tomografisi (PET) ele alınmaktadır. PubMed'den makaleler elde edilmiş ve "osteomiyelit için tanısal görüntüleme” konusuyla ilgisi açısından taranmıştır. Yazarlar, görüntüler osteolitik değişiklikleri ortaya çıkarabileceğinden ve alternatif hastalıkları dışlamaya yardımcı olabileceğinden, düz radyografinin uygun bir ilk adım olduğu sonucuna varmıştır. Hassas olması ve kemik iliği değişikliklerini enfeksiyondan sonraki birkaç gün içinde ortaya çıkarabilmesi nedeniyle en uygun ikinci adım genellikle MRG’dir. MRG yapılamayan hastalarda BT, ultrasonografi ve kemik sintigrafisi gibi diğer görüntüleme yöntemleri faydalı olabilir. BT, kronik enfeksiyonlarda nekrotik kemiği tanımlamak için faydalıdır. Ultrasonografi, orak hücre hastalığı olan çocuklarda veya kişilerde faydalı olabilir. Kemik sintigrafisi özellikle vertebral osteomiyelitin saptanmasında faydalıdır. Son olarak, PET yüksek hassasiyet ve özgüllük sergiler, ancak klinik uygulaması, yüksek maliyeti ve yetersiz düzeyde bulunabilir olması nedeniyle sınırlıdır. Uygun kullanıldığında tanısal görüntüleme, osteomiyeliti saptamak için yüksek düzeyde hassas ve spesifik bir yöntem olabilir, bu da onu güçten düşüren bu hastalığın tanı sürecinde çok önemli bir adım haline getirir.

Osteomyelitis is an increasingly common pathology condition that often poses a diagnostic challenge to clinicians. Accurate and timely diagnosis is critical to prevent complications that can result in the loss of life or limb. In addition to history, physical examexamination, and laboratory studies, diagnostic imaging plays an essential role in the diagnostic process. This narrative review article discusses various imaging modalities employed to diagnose osteomyelitis1:, namely plain filmsradiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasoundultrasonography2, bone scintigraphy, and positron emission tomography (PET). Articles were obtained from PubMed and screened for relevance to the topic of diagnostic imaging for osteomyelitis. The authors concludeconcluded3 that plain films are radiography is an appropriate first step as they because the images4 may reveal osteolytic changes and can help rule out alternative pathologydisease. MRI is often the most appropriate second study, asstep because it is highly sensitive and can detectreveal5 bone marrow changes within days of an infection. Other studiesimaging modalities6 such as CT, ultrasoundultrasonography, and bone scintigraphy may be useful in patients who cannot undergo MRI. CT is useful for identifying necrotic bones in chronic infections. UltrasoundUltrasonography may be useful in children or with sickle-cell disease. Bone scintigraphy is particularly useful for detecting7 vertebral osteomyelitis. Finally, PET has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity; however, its clinical application is limited by its high cost and poor availability. When used appropriately, diagnostic imaging can providebe highly sensitiveity and specificity for detecting osteomyelitis, making radiographic evaluation a crucial step in the diagnostic process of this debilitating condition.

  1. [Omission] The word choice omission would introduce clarity error
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  3. [Grammar] The correct tense was used to enhance the language accuracy
  4. [Language] Language enhancement made
  5. [Word choice] The correct word choice as per the context of the text was used
  6. [Mistranslation] The mistranslation error was rectified with the use of correct term as per the source
  7. [Omission] Word choice omission has been rectified

Osteomyelitis is an increasingly common pathology condition that often posespossesses1 a diagnostic challenge to the clinicians. Accurate and timely diagnosis is critical to preventcrucial for preventing2 complications that can result in the loss of life or limb. In addition to history, physical examexamination, and laboratory studies, diagnostic imaging plays anis3 essential role in the diagnostic process. This4In this narrative review article discusses, various imaging modalities employed to diagnose osteomyelitis5:, namely are described; these include plain filmsradiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasoundultrasonography6, bone scintigraphy, and positron emission tomography (PET). Articles were obtained from identified through7 PubMed and screened for relevance to the topic of diagnostic imaging for osteomyelitis. The authors concludeconcluded8 that plain films are radiography is an appropriate first step as they because the images9 may reveal osteolytic changes and can help rule out alternative pathologydisease. MRI is often the most appropriate second study, asstep because it is highly sensitive and can detectreveal10 bone marrow changes within days of an infection. Other studiesimaging modalities11 such as CT, ultrasoundultrasonography, and bone scintigraphy may be useful infor patients in who MRI cannot undergo MRIbe performed. CT is useful for identifying necrotic bones in chronic infections. UltrasoundUltrasonography may be useful in children or individuals with sickle-cell disease. Bone scintigraphy is particularly useful forin12 detecting13 vertebral osteomyelitis. Finally, PET has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity; however, as it is expensive and often unavailable its clinical application is limited by its high cost and poor availability. When used appropriately, diagnostic imaging can providebe highly sensitiveity and specificity for detecting osteomyelitis, making radiographic evaluation has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting osteomyelitis; thus, it is a crucial step in the diagnostic process ofdiagnosing this debilitating condition.

  1. [Grammar] The sentence structure has been improved with the use of correct preposition
  2. [Word choice] Better word choice
  3. [Grammar] Usage of correct article
  4. [Language] The sentence has been rephrased to enhance readability
  5. [Omission] The word choice omission would introduce clarity error
  6. [Technical word choice] Technical accuracy is achieved
  7. [Word choice] Better word choice to enhance the readability
  8. [Grammar] The correct tense was used to enhance the language accuracy
  9. [Language] Language enhancement made
  10. [Word choice] The correct word choice as per the context of the text was used
  11. [Mistranslation] The mistranslation error was rectified with the use of correct term as per the source
  12. [Grammar] Use of correct preposition
  13. [Omission] Word choice omission has been rectified

Osteomyelitis is an increasingly common condition that possesses a diagnostic challenge to the clinicians. Accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial for preventing complications that can result in the loss of life or limb. In addition to history, physical examination, and laboratory studies, diagnostic imaging is essential in the diagnostic process. In this narrative review article, various imaging modalities to diagnose osteomyelitis are described; these includeplain radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography, bone scintigraphy, and positron emission tomography (PET). Articles were identified through PubMed and screened for relevance to the topic of diagnostic imaging for osteomyelitis. The authors concluded that plain radiography is an appropriate first step because the images may reveal osteolytic changes and can help rule out alternative disease. MRI is often the most appropriate second step because it is highly sensitive and can reveal bone marrow changes within days of an infection. Other imaging modalities such as CT, ultrasonography, and bone scintigraphy may be useful for patients in who MRI cannot be performed. CT is useful for identifying necrotic bone in chronic infections. Ultrasonography may be useful in children or individuals with sickle-cell disease. Bone scintigraphy is particularly useful in detecting vertebral osteomyelitis. Finally, PET has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity; however, as it is expensive and often unavailable its clinical application is limited. When used appropriately, radiographic evaluation has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting osteomyelitis; thus, it is a crucial step in diagnosing this debilitating condition.

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