Turkish Translation Samples

Pediatrics

Hırıltı ve nefes darlığı bronşiyal astımın ana semptomlarıdır. Astımlı hastalarda, her ikisi de artmış oksidatif strese işaret eden, lökositlerden artmış süperoksit üretimi ve artmış lipid peroksidasyon ürünleri görülür. Askorbik asit, serbest radikalleri doğrudan nötralize eden önemli bir antioksidandır ve bu nedenle astımlı hastaların akciğerlerinde redoks durumunu sürdürmek için sürekli olarak kullanılır. Hatch ve ark. askorbik asitin akciğer solunum yollarının yüzey astarında bulunan önemli bir antioksidan olduğunu ve endojen ve eksojen oksidanlara karşı koruma sağladığını öne sürmüştür. Hırıltı olan çocuklarda bulduğumuz düşük askorbik asit seviyesi askorbik asitin, normal fizyolojik işlevi ile ve sürekli oksidan radikal oluşumunun önüne geçmek ve eksojen oksidanları nötralize etmek için artan kullanımı ile bağlantılı olabilir. Dolayısıyla askorbik asit eksikliği, astım patofizyolojisinin altında yatan bir faktör veya solunum yolu inflamasyonuna bir yanıt olabilir. Hırıltılı çocuklardaki düşük askorbik asit düzeylerine ilişkin bulgularımız araştırmacıların düşük askorbik asit düzeylerini, askorbik asitin vücudun savunma mekanizmasının ve dokuların bütünlüğünün, yenilenme ve iyileşme süreçlerinin sürdürülmesinde oynadığı roller dahil olmak üzere normal fizyolojik işlevlerine bağladığı önceki çalışma bulgularıyla uyumludur. Soğuk algınlığı sırasında solunum mukozasının tahrip olması ve buna bağlı olarak doku askorbik asit seviyesinin düşmesi mukoza yüzeyinin iyileşmesini geciktirerek daha uzun süreli astım semptomları ortaya çıkarabilir. Bir çalışmada astımlı hastalarda hastalığın asemptomatik dönemlerinde bile antioksidan vitaminlerin serum düzeylerinin düştüğü bildirilmiştir. Dolayısıyla bu azalma, lipid peroksidasyon ürünlerinin yansıttığı gibi, tamamen artan oksidatif strese bağlı değildir.

Wheezing andshortness of breath are main symptoms of bronchial asthma. Asthmatics showedPatients with asthma show1 increased superoxide generation from leucocytesleukocytes,as well as increased lipid peroxidation  product, indicatingboth of whichindicate increased oxidative stress. Ascorbic acid an important antioxidative 2directly neutralizes free radical, thus  itis continuously utilizedused to maintain the a redoxstate oflung in the lungs of patients with 3asthma.Hatch et al.suggested that ascorbic acid is the major antioxidant substance present inthe airway surface liningliquid4 of the lung,and may protect against endogenous as well as exogenous oxidants. Our presentfinding thatof the low ascorbic acid causedlevel in children with5 wheezing in children couldmay be attributed toits normal physiological function, elevated utilization to overcome the continuousgeneration of oxidant radical and also and to neutralize theexogenous oxidant. It has been suggested that ascorbic acid deficiency may be either anunderlying factor in the pathophysiology of asthma or a response to asthmaticairwaysairway inflammation. Our present findingsof  lowascorbic acid  levels  in children with wheezingchildrenis are in agreement with the earlierreportsof, wherein researchers who attributedsuch kindof loweringthe decrease in the plasma ascorbicacid level inplasma to its normal physiological function i.e.,functions,including its utilizationroles in maintaining themaintenanceof body’s defense mechanism, tissue  and in the integrity and,replacement and healing process. processes of tissues. 6Destructionof the respiratorymucous membrane during common cold and resulting reduction ofinthe tissueascorbic acid,  level in the tissue 7mayfurther delay in the healing of the mucous membranesurface,leading to prolonged symptoms of asthma. A study shows that serum levels of antioxidantvitamins aredecreaseddecrease in the sera of asthmatic patientswithasthma, even during the asymptomatic periods of thedisease, and thus this decrease is not totally dependent on the increasedoxidative stress, as reflected by lipid peroxidationproducts.

  1. [Word choice] In academic writings, the use of unbiased language that may equate a person with his or her condition, is avoided e.g., diabetic, epileptic, schizophrenic, and asthmatic. As such, it is preferable to use the phrase “patients with asthma.”
  2. [Omission] The critical information was omitted.
  3. [Language] Word choice enhancement for better clarity and relativity
  4. [SME] The technical accuracy is lacking as the incorrect term was used. It is incorrect to say “airway surface lining” as the gaseous substance cannot be present in the lining.
  5. [Mistranslation] The meaning was altered and failed to convey the authors intended voice.
  6. [Clarity] The sentence has been rephrased well to enhance the readability
  7. [Technical Word choice] The correct technical phrase has been used

Wheezing Bronchia asthma mainly manifests as wheezing 1and shortness of breath are main symptoms of bronchial asthma. Asthmatics showedPatients with asthma show2 increased superoxide generation from leucocytesleukocytes, as well as and increased lipid peroxidation  products, indicatingboth of which indicateincreased oxidative stress. Ascorbic acid is an important antioxidative 3that directly neutralizes free radicals; thustherefore,it is continuously usually 4utilizedused to maintain the a redoxstate of lung in the lungs of patients with 5asthma. According to Hatch et al. suggested that., ascorbic acidis the major antioxidant substance presentin the airway surface liningliquid6 of the lungs, and may protect against endogenous as well as and exogenousoxidants. Our present findingWe found that the presence of a that of the low ascorbic acid causedlevel in children with7 wheezing in children couldmay be attributed to its normal physiological function, and elevatedincreased utilization to overcome the continuous generation of oxidantradicals8 and also and9 to neutralize the exogenous oxidants.It has been suggested that Therefore10 ascorbic acid deficiency may be either anunderlying factor in the pathophysiology of asthma or a response to asthmatic airways11airway inflammation. Our in patients with asthma. Consistent with our present findings of , other studies have also reported a low ascorbic acid  levels  in children with wheezing; children is are inagreement with the earlier reports of, wherein these researchers havewho attributedsuch kindof loweringthe decrease in the plasma ascorbic acid level in plasma to its normal physiological function i.e.,functions, including its utilizationroles in maintaining the maintenance of body’s defense mechanism,tissue  and in the integrity and,replacement and healing process. 12processes of tissues. 13Destruction of the respiratorymucous membrane during common cold and resulting reduction ofin the consequent decrease in tissue ascorbic acid,  level14s in the tissue mayfurther delay in the healing of the mucous membrane surface,leadingand result in to prolonged asthma symptoms of asthma. A study shows that reported decreased serum levels of antioxidant vitamins are decreaseddecrease in the sera of asthmatic patients with asthma, even during the asymptomaticperiods of the disease, and thus.Therefore,15 this decrease is does not totally dependentcompletelydepend on the increased oxidative stress, as reflected bylipid peroxidation products.

  1. [SME] The sentence has been rearranged for more emphasis on “bronchial asthma” as it is the core topic on which the study is based.
  2. [Word choice] In academic writings, the use of unbiased language that may equate a person with his or her condition, is avoided e.g., diabetic, epileptic, schizophrenic, and asthmatic. As such, it is preferable to use the phrase “patients with asthma.”
  3. [Omission] The critical information was omitted.
  4. [Word choice] Better word choice has been used to enhance the readability
  5. [Language] Word choice enhancement for better clarity and relativity
  6. [SME] The technical accuracy is lacking as the incorrect term was used. It is incorrect to say “airway surface lining” as the gaseous substance cannot be present in the lining.
  7. [Mistranslation] The meaning was altered and failed to convey the authors intended voice.
  8. [Article] [Grammar] Correct use of an article and the sub-verb agreement
  9. [Conjunction] [Grammar] Conjunction such as “and” is necessary
  10. [Flow and Transition] To create an easy flow of ideas, transition words such as however, therefore, moreover, etc. can be used. This usage enhances coherence of ideas in the paragraph and the manuscript on the whole. Note that at this instance, we have added the transition word “therefore” to enhance the logical flow and overall clarity
  11. [SME] The a determiner phrase has been used to complete the sentence with the use of better technical word choice
  12. [Comma] [Punctuation] Use of comma before a conjunction
  13. [Clarity] The sentence has been rephrased well to enhance the readability
  14. [Technical Word choice] The correct technical phrase has been used
  15. [Language] To create an easy flow of ideas, transition words such as however, therefore, moreover, etc. can be used. This usage enhances coherence of ideas in the paragraph and the manuscript on the whole. Note that at this instance, we have added the transition word “therefore” to enhance the logical flow and overall clarity.

Bronchial asthma mainly manifests as wheezing and shortness of breath. Patients with asthma show increased superoxide generation from leukocytes and increased lipid peroxidation products, both of which indicate increased oxidative stress. Ascorbic acid is an important antioxidant that directly neutralizes free radicals; therefore, it is usually used to maintain a redox state in the lungs of patients with asthma. According to Hatch et al., ascorbic acid is the major antioxidant in the airway surface liquid of the lungs and may protect against endogenous and exogenous oxidants. We found that the presence of a low ascorbic acid level in children with wheezing may be attributed to its normal physiological function and increased utilization to overcome the continuous generation of oxidant radicals and to neutralize exogenous oxidants. Therefore, ascorbic acid deficiency may be an underlying factor in the pathophysiology of asthma or a response to airway inflammation in patients with asthma. Consistent with our findings, other studies have also reported a low ascorbic acid level in children with wheezing; these researchers have attributed the decrease in the plasma ascorbic acid level to its normal physiological functions in maintaining the body’s defense mechanism and in the integrity, replacement, and healing processes of tissues. Destruction of the respiratory mucous membrane during common cold and the consequent decrease in tissue ascorbic acid levels may further delay the healing of the mucous membrane surface and result in prolonged asthma symptoms. A study reported decreased serum levels of antioxidant vitamins in patients with asthma, even during the asymptomatic period of the disease. Therefore, this decrease does not completely depend on increased oxidative stress, as reflected by lipid peroxidation products.

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